Typical Course of Study for 8th Grade

The final year of middle school, eighth grade is a time of transition and preparing students for high school. Eighth-grade students will spend their last year of middle school building on what they learned as sixth-  and 7th-grade students, strengthening any areas of weakness, and digging into more complex coursework as they prepare for high school. Though many will still need guidance and a source of accountability, eighth-grade students should be making the shift to self-directed, independent learning. Language Arts As in previous middle school grades, a typical course of study for eighth-grade language arts includes literature, composition, grammar, and vocabulary-building. Literary skills focus on reading comprehension and analyzing texts. In preparation for standardized testing and college entrance exams, students should practice applying their reading comprehension skills to a variety of documents.   They should be able to recognize the main idea, central theme, and supporting details. Students should have plenty of practice summarizing, comparing and contrasting, and inferring an authors meaning. Eighth-grade students should also learn to recognize and understand the uses of language such as figurative language, analogies, and allusion. Students should begin comparing and contrasting two texts that present conflicting information on the same topic. They should be able to identify the cause of the conflicts, such as contradictory or inaccurate facts or the authors opinion or bias on the subject. Provide eighth-graders with ample opportunity to practice their composition skills. They should write a variety of essays and more complex compositions including how-to, persuasive, and informational articles; poetry; short stories; and research papers. Grammar topics include correct spelling throughout the students writing; proper use of punctuation such as apostrophes, colons, semicolons, and quotes; infinitives; indefinite pronouns; and correct use of verb tense. Math There is some room for variation in eighth-grade math, particularly among homeschooled students. Some students may be ready to take Algebra I for high school credit in eighth grade, while others will prepare for the ninth grade with a prealgebra course. In most cases, a typical course of study for eighth-grade math will include algebraic and geometric concepts, along with measurements and probability. Students will learn about square roots and both rational and irrational numbers. Math concepts include finding a lines slope using the  slope-intercept formula,  understanding and evaluating functions,  parallel and perpendicular  lines, graphing, finding the area and volume of more complex geometrical shapes, and the  Pythagorean theorem. 8th graders can test their math skills with practice word problems. Science Although there isnt a specific recommended course of study for eighth-grade science, students typically continue to explore earth, physical, and life science topics. Some students may take a general or physical science course for high school credit while in eighth grade. Common general science topics include the scientific method and terminology. Earth science topics include ecology and the environment, conservation, composition of the earth, oceans, atmosphere,  weather,  water and its uses, weathering and erosion, and recycling. Physical science topics include magnetism and electricity; heat and light; forces in liquids and gases; wave, mechanical, electrical, and nuclear energy;  Newtons laws of motion;  simple machines;  atoms; the  periodic table of elements;  compounds and mixtures;  and chemical changes.   Social Studies As with science, there is no specific course of study guidelines for eighth-grade social studies. A homeschool familys curriculum choices or personal preferences are usually the determining factors. An eighth-grader following a classical homeschooling style will likely study modern history.   Other standard topics for eighth-grade social studies include explorers and their discoveries, the growth and development of the United States, colonial life, the U. S. Constitution and Bill of Rights,  and the  American Civil War  and Reconstruction. Students may also study a variety of topics related to the United States such as the U.S. culture, political system, government, economic system, and geography. Health and Safety For families who have not already done so, eighth grade is an excellent time for a health and safety course. Many states homeschooling laws or umbrella schools require a health course for high school graduation, so students who are ready for a high school-level course may be able to earn credit for it in middle school.   Typical topics for a health course include personal hygiene, nutrition, exercise, first aid, sexual health, and the health risks and consequences associated with drugs, alcohol, and tobacco use.

The Integration Of Psychology And Christianity - 1679 Words

The integration of psychology and Christianity text is about the differences between both psychology and Christianity and whether or not they can co-exist. David Entwistle says that â€Å"Primarily psychology and Christianity are perceived by many people to be in opposition† (Entwistle, 2010). The text allows us to take a look at both disciplines and look at them separately yet together. It provides the opportunity for the reader to look at multiple examples of ways that theology and psychology can work together. Entwistle was successful in describing how to go about thinking of the two in a way that will allow us to use both theology and psychology to aid others. The writer also explains, â€Å"Christianity being based on the Word of God.†¦show more content†¦Entwistle (2010) describes for us how Christianity has played a vital part in history and how it has quite possibly shaped society today. He reminds us in the book that the bible is our worldly guide in how t o live life in his image. Entwistle identifies successfully that truth is what matters when it comes to the spiritual or worldly person. He describes for us that both exist in the character of a person and it is what allows people to be able to help others using both in all types of situations and/or under many different circumstances. He puts a great deal of emphasis on the amount of thought that is put into the secular views, which change consistently. The book’s overall goal seemed to be focused on providing a universal guide to those who question the route to take when dealing with theology, psychology, and spirituality in Christian counseling. It is advancing the knowledge that people have towards a peaceful and helpful state of being. Concrete Responses The information that was provided in this book helped refresh my memory on the how I learned to distinguish between what is worldly and what is actually God’s way of putting us just where we need to be. Psychology tried to explain why we do what we do to ourselves and to others, while Christianity comes in and is instrumental in

Satire A College Degree A Step Up The Economic Ladder,...

â€Å"A College Degree-A Step up the Economic Ladder, Or Your First Step Into Debt?† We go to college, hoping to better our future. We hope a degree will take us from cleaning the bathroom at the bank, to working behind a big oak desk in an office with a view. We all want to obtain a nice house with a little white picket fence, but is that dream obtainable or is the road to happiness paved with debt that we will never over come? The Onion uses satire to make light of a very serious subject, debt. Satire is a type of literary ridicule that uses humor (â€Å"Satire†). Without a college degree your economic options are very limited, and the cost to go to school is overwhelming yet many live with debt their entire lives. Many of us can relate to the feeling of suffocating with debt. What is the benefit of going to college and scoring a job that pays more if it still isn’t enough to pay off your student loans? We have become a society that lives off of debt and our ca llous attitude about paying off that debt is leaving many in financial ruin. In the Onion article, â€Å"Woman Worried Student Loans Could Prevent Her From One Day Owning Entirely Different Kind of Crippling Debt,† describes Ashley’s overwhelming student loan debt. Like Ashley, many college will not be able to afford any other debts. The high monthly payments on student loans in excess of $50,000 will prevent her from ever buying a home, a new car, or taking out business loans (â€Å"Woman†). The humor in this article is that we are a

Business Information System

Question: Describeabout topic "Conflict in thee Rakhine state Rohingya and Buddhist Myanmar". Answer: Introduction From the historical perspective suggests the toxic mixture involving with the situation in the Rakhine State of Myanmar causing the emergence of serious inter-religious and intercommunal conflicts and centre-periphery tensions with the minority Muslim community and the poverty-stricken underdevelopment (Engvall Linn, 2013). The particular scenario led the major violence in 2012, and the same in continuously increasing within the region since the period. As Myanmar has moved closer to the national election process at the end of 2015, the political scenario has consistently become unstable and high for the country. The certain significance of the mentioned scenario has led the selection of this particular conflict to analyze critically and develop an understanding with the help of relevant conflict theories. With the selection to the particular conflict, the document aims to develop a comprehensive conflict map to draw up the knowledge gained towards the identified aspect. It is obser ved that the significance of the selected conflict critically affects the overall success of the transition while damaging the reputation of the government at the same time. The government of Myanmar is expected the active investment from the foreign investors in order to capitalize on the international support for the development of the country. Such objective is also hampered by the presence of the identified conflict. In this case, the government of the country should need to consider different approaches to the policies, which are responsible for recognizing the unavailability of any kinds of quick fixes and or prompt solutions. In the midst of the decades-old armed violence, Rakhine State is particularly experiencing such problems in its roots. Due to such process, the state-society rules and the strict regulations are facing the significant conflicts. Therefore, it is evident that the particular conflict has hampered the overall state including the relevant communities within it. The prevalence of the individual conflict requires the responsible authorities to develop the long-term yet sustainable responses alongside the involvement of different types of interventions critically covering the humanitarian and protection in the interim basis. By the help of the early understanding, it is clear that the whole country would be suffering due to the failure of the authoritative bodies to deal with the particular situations. Hence, the following portion of the paper will be developed by critically analyzing the significant areas of the conflict to gain in-depth insight related to the cause and effect. It also develops with investigating ways to improve the scenario experienced by the individual communities. Therefore, a conflict map will be utilized for articulating above information regarding the chosen conflict. Conflict Analysis In the case of Myanmar, the country aims to redefine the infrastructure and the social system by developing a more open society for promoting the peaceful environment for its minorities and embracing the diversity at the same time. Therefore, it leads to the introduction of narrow and discriminating nationalism, which caused the outbreak of major challenges and constraints to the future of the country (Ware, 2015). In order to promote the improvement to the identified conflict, the government of the country requires developing the political solutions regarding the decades-old armed conflicts as well as the establishment of a federal nation. However, the achievement of such objective is highly difficult for the country given the disputes between the major and minor communities within the country. Conflict Parties Primary Parties are those who goals are incompatible and involving directly with the emerging conflict. Considering the scenario of Rakhine State, Buddhists are the largest group in the particular region with the significant minority can be observed in the Muslim values and beliefs in the Rohingya. However, the specific designation involved in the community is duly ignored by both the government and Rakhine (Roos, 2013). From the international perspective, the Rakhine community is tended to be perceived as violent extremists providing no importance to the diversity of opinions existing in the modern day cultures. Considering the analysis made in this particular context, it can be determined that the Rakhine themselves are the long-beleaguered community from the overall perspective. Furthermore, the particular community is the lack of the definite sense of their original perspective and concerns. Such fact leads to the scenario to become counterproductive, as it drives to the development of a restricted attitude involving the Rakhine (Kipgen, 2013). It suggests that the Rakhine should n eed to understand the complex realities associated with them to ensure the development of the sustainable ways supporting the forwardness of the overall society. The individual grievances include the lack of political controls over their sets of activities or beliefs, longstanding discrimination by the state, human right abuses, marginalization regarding the economic perspectives, and the necessary restrictions regarding the cultural expression and languages (Holliday, Aung Joelene, 2015). These identified grievances cause the formation of decade-old Rakhine anger emerging continuously to morph the individual conflict. In the process of transition efforts made by the new government to the country, the majority of Rakhine are growingly felt that one of the demographics within the overall community is considered as the most obvious and immediate threat. The same is experiencing by them in the process rebuilding their community and addressing their ethical identity (Kingsbury Laoutides, 2015). This particular feeling leads them to emerge one of the significant feelings in their minds that their ethnic group might soon become minor in their sta te. It cannot be confirmed whether the identified fear is valid or not from the perspective of the society. Nevertheless, it can be said that the certain doubt was firmly involved in the Rakhine communities. Secondary parties refer to the group or community providing support to the primary parties from the context of financial, logistic, or military aspects meant to affect the development of the conflict. In the case of the Muslim community within the country, especially the Rohingya, they are progressively marginalized from both the social and political aspects of life. The particular fact can be evidenced by the situations where the wide range of people belonging to the Rohingya community is denied to provide the full citizenship within the country. Suh factor provides the significant consequences to the social lifestyles and wellbeing of the mentioned group. By analyzing the current scenario, the efforts made by the authority to implement the proper administration in a mean to disenfranchise the group is considered as an interesting process to the overall system (Holliday, 2013). The particular factor is perceived by the Rohingya as their last remaining opportunity for connecting with the politics and the means of providing influences. Without the involvement of individual approach, it would be hard for the particular group to avoid the conclusion related to the failure of the poli tics, as well as eliminating the prompt civil disobedience or the organized violence. With the help of the information developed in the area, it can be determined that the current initiatives taken by the government are based on the pilot process. The particular method is responsible for conducting verification of the citizenship of the undocumented Muslims and supporting the development of action plan to manage the issues effectively from the perspectives of the development, security, and political aspects. By considering these identified facts, it can be acknowledged that the conflict majorly prioritizes two major elements causing the emergence of problems (McCarthy, 2016). These two factors are known as the refusal of both government and Rakhine community to accept the term Rohingya, and the similar rejection related to the acceptance of the term Bengali. In the case of verification, as mentioned above, the overall process is conducting without developing any resolution to the identified issue. On the other hand, the action plan endeavors the permission related to moving ahead to the new settlement provided to those individuals only, who are granted the ownership previously. In the case of the non-citizens or the individuals who are unwilling to cooperate with the verification process are remained in the camps until proper solutions can be found. In this case, it is worth to mention that the process is highly time-consuming, as there is no guarantee when the right resolution will come into the action (Thawnghmung, 2016). In addition, the increasing problems can be observed in the case of providing ordinary citizenship to the number of Muslim individuals. It is noted that the average citizenship is more insecure, while not providing the rights of full citizenship to the concerned individuals. Conflict History Considering the pre-colonial period, it can be ascertained that the Rakhine State or formerly known as Arakan State is separated from the rest of the Myanmar by the formidable mountain range referred to as the Rakhine Yoma. Due to such geographical position, the particular region was detached from the major center of political and economic controls of Myanmar. Moreover, the historical development of the area was also pursued independently until the region was conquered and controlled by the Burmese King Bodawpaya in 1785 (Simpson, 2014). Therefore, it can be observed from the historical background that the long frontier between the Muslim and the Buddhist Asia, the heavy political influences can be observed to be dominating the overall population from the perspective of their popular consciousness. Continuum of Relationships: The colonial and post-colonial period involving the particular region suggested short living off the Burmese conquest in Rakhine State. Considering the scenario of 1825, it can be observed that the Burmese were defeated by the hands of British India, as the entire state was annexed to the particular territory. The latter scenario suggests that shifting of the kingdom from Rakhine to Sittwe by the BritishEmpire (Gee, 2013). On the other hand, Rakhine was incorporated into a new province, which was governed by the British India from 1886 (Kipgen, 2013). After such annexation, the significant migration of the Muslims from Bengal to the particular area can be determined. In this case, it is worth to mention that the region was already comprised of the Muslim population of the Bengali region by the incident of the earlier migration. Similarly, the arbitrary boundary between Bengal and Rakhine state suggests the considerable number of Buddhist Rakhine on the Bengal side as well as the Musl im communities in the Rakhine side, primarily observed in the northern part. Past Relationship between Parties: In this case, the involvement of the British colonial policies can be found focusing more on the cultivation of rice, which required a significant number of labors (Walton, 2016). The requirement of such labor force was mostly satisfied by the immigrants from Bengal, many of whom were from the Muslim community group. Here, the large number of Muslim population came to the country on a seasonal basis, where much of them settled in Rakhine State permanently. The underlying incident suggesting the incorporation of Burma into the British India had further driven the migration to the region from the sub-continent through traveling to Burma from different provinces of the same country. Therefore, the religious and ethnic mix of the country became complicated and mixed causing different kinds of socio-economic problems (Engvall Linn, 2013). This identified scenario led to the involvement of a considerable number of resentment from the Buddhist community located in Rakhine State. The particular evidence can be observed from the incident of Second World War, where identified tension emerged to form the significant amount of violence. Apart from that, penetration of Japan into Rakhine in 1942 had caused the area to become the frontline until the end of the war. Conflict Context Multiple Levels: Myanmar is among the most popular sites of the world representing serious conflicts between Muslim and Buddhist communities. Especially in the Rakhine state almost 146000 people were displaced from their home society due to the riots in June 2012. The amount of violence is so much that induces international organizations to dedicate an early warning to issue an alarm against the mass violence (Dehua, 2014). This causes three Nobel laureates said persecution and violence of Muslims community in Myanmar as nothing less than genocide (Gee, 2013). Geographic and Economic Context: These state made by the prestigious personnel of Myanmar in the context of the conflict is not just a mere intransigence. Rather it is in the face of the external criticism, as it depicts a conception of violator and victim that is opposed dramatically to the one that made visible in the international disclosure context (Ma Kusakabe, 2015). Political Context: In the domestic context of the Myanmar, this type of conception is extremely closer to the norm. It is observed due to the involvement of other state utilizing the same type of rhetoric. Since the context of the conflict illustrates that fear is not just the one particular side of communities of the Muslims but for the Buddhists as well. On the other hand, there is a conception that global Muslim power is very great. Therefore, the violence might affect Buddhists community comparatively harder. Culture: The current culture of the Rakhine State must need to be seen in the broader context of the failure of Myanmar in developing the nation. Despite the significant presence of economic factors, this particular part of the country remained isolated as one of the poorest country. It affects the cultural aspects of the country, as the grievances run deep in the Rakhine State causing strongly held the sense of separate identity. It is highly caused by the fact that Rakhine State was never integrated into the Myanmar state. Conflict Orientation Structure Conflict: Conflict orientation includes identifying the objectives and issues of the conflict parties. The present situation of the Rakhine state must have to be seen in the broader context regarding the Myanmar failure at developing the nation (Welsh, 2013). Since the country has insufficient economic potentials, Myanmar could not be able to produce all its state at the same level. Value Conflict: The Rakhine state remains astonishingly a high number of poverty rate of almost 78%, which has considered as the one of the principal issues for developing the conflict and mass violation in the state (Farrelly, 2014). The number that highlighted the poverty line actually reflects the exclusion and neglect that the state is facing from the time of post-colonial period. Relationship Conflicts: Traditionally, the Burman dominates the Rakhine state. Therefore, when the state is facing more and more diversity due to the introduction of the Muslim community, it considered it as a threat. It plays a huge part in the kind of mass violence that happen in the Rakhine state (Taylor, 2016). In addition, successive regimes bounded ethnic, cultural, political, and social expression. Data Conflict: The data conflict mainly arose from the legacy of poverty and exclusion, as the factors were the fundamental reasons for the rise of intercommunal violence erupted in the Rakhine State in 2012. The data conflict has also emerged significantly by the incident suggesting the rape and murder of the Buddhist woman. Interest Conflict: The differences in the ethnic, cultural context also played a huge part in the development of the conflict in the society of the Rakhine community. Based on the certain understanding, it can be assumed that the overall situation in the Rakhine State cannot be solely dictated the humanitarian emergency. Rather, the interest from the politics and government can be observed affecting the whole state and the communities living there. In this case, there was the necessity to adopt the humanitarian response. However, such interventions comprise of only one component for addressing the situation, where no easy solution can be found. Therefore, the scenario certainly leads to the conflict, as the sufficient resolution requires an extended period for establishing in a sustainable manner. Conflict Dynamics Behavior Styles: The relationship between the Muslim and Buddhist community has the prime role in developing the dynamics of the conflict. At the initial stage of the conflict, Rakhine has felt that their community is under threat due to the development of the Muslim empires. Especially in the west region of the Myanmar, Muslim community has able to develop a brief period of domination, which feels long oppressed by the Barmans (Rubenstein, 2015). Conflict Events: The community was furious with the Muslim community, which increased even further when the Muslim community voted against the Rakhine parties in the year of 2010. Since the Rakhine party promised to provide an atmosphere where every individual regardless of the cast and religion will get the even amount of opportunities from the society. Based on the investigation to the particular conflict, it can be determined that the grievances of Rakhine can be observed to be similar to the other ethnic minority groups of Myanmar (Kwan Yu, 2014). Action-reaction Processes: This dislike or rude behavior from the community of the Burman-led to the tension within the Muslim communities. Therefore, a situation arises that is completely not unprecedented. However, the situation was developing on the backdrop the community diversity context. This influences the conflict to take the form of mass violation. However, politics also made this case even more critical. Since, the country is seeing greater democracy and liberalization that primarily focuses on the addressing the issue of ethnic minority concerns (Zyck, Fan Price, 2014). Therefore, the major part of the Myanmar political power is reconfigured to create peace among the diversity of the religion, which actually ceasefire in this angry Rakhine context. Conclusion The situation that Rakhine state represents remains volatile. As the country has able to develop a significant amount of recent development, which includes the introduction of the new chief minister, it influences the state to implement the action plan much more efficiently. The conflict also highlighted the need of potential security environment for developing a better social culture. Therefore, the conflict induces many possible changes in the society to maintain an ethical environment between the Muslim and Buddhist community. However, these changes can also be highly problematic. As the changes can potentially increase the tension between the Buddhist and Muslim community, which can create huge amount of negative impact on the political process. Hence, there is no easy solution to the complex challenges to the Rakhine state, and the government will have to go through the long and hard process to overcome this conflict issue in the Rakhine state. References Dehua, Y. (2014). Conflict in Rakhine State and its Impact on Political-Economic Security in Myanmar.South Asian Studies,4, 004. Engvall, A., Linn, S. N. (2013, June). Development, natural resources and conflict in Myanmar. InEast Asia Forum. Farrelly, N. (2014). Cooperation, contestation, conflict: ethnic political interests in Myanmar today.South East Asia Research,22(2), 251-266. Gee, J. (2013). Myanmar Muslims Face New Wave of Violence.The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs,32(6), 36. Hein, M. Y. P. (2012). Political authority in Burma's ethnic minority states.Asian Ethnicity,13(4), 476-479. Holliday, I. (2013). Myanmar in 2012.Asian Survey,53(1), 93-100. Holliday, I., Aung, M. H., Joelene, C. (2015). Institution Building in Myanmar.Asian Survey,55(4), 641-664. Kingsbury, D., Laoutides, C. (2015).Territorial Separatism in Global Politics. Taylor Francis. Kipgen, N. (2013). Addressing the Rohingya problem.Journal of Asian and African Studies, 0021909613505269. Kipgen, N. (2013). Conflict in Rakhine State in Myanmar: Rohingya Muslims' Conundrum.Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs,33(2), 298-310. Kramer, T. (2015). Ethnic Conflict and Lands Rights in Myanmar.Social Research: An International Quarterly,82(2), 355-374. Kwan, D. S., Yu, F. L. T. (2014). 8 Religion, culture and global conflicts.International Economic Development: Leading Issues and Challenges, 143. Ma, A., Kusakabe, K. (2015). Gender analysis of fear and mobility in the context of ethnic conflict in Kayah State, Myanmar.Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography,36(3), 342-356. McCarthy, S. (2016). Myanmar in 2015.Asian Survey,56(1), 138-147. Roos, J. (2013). Conflict Assessment in Rakhine State.Danish Refugee Council report. February/March. Rubenstein, L. S. (2015). Global health and security in the age of counterterrorism.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,108(2), 49-52. Simpson, A. (2014, September). Identity, Ethnicity and Natural Resources in Myanmar. InThe Australian Political Studies Association Annual Conference. Taylor, R. H. (2016). Richard Cockett. Blood, Dreams and Gold: The Changing Face of Burma.Asian Affairs,47(1), 171-173. Thawnghmung, A. M. (2016). The politics of indigeneity in Myanmar: competing narratives in Rakhine state.Asian Ethnicity, 1-21. Walton, M. J. (2016). Myanmar (Burma).The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism. Ware, A. (2015). 10 Secessionist aspects to the BuddhistMuslim conflict in Rakhine State, Myanmar.Territorial Separatism in Global Politics: Causes, Outcomes and Resolution, 153. Welsh, B. (2013). Divided or Together?: Southeast Asia in 2012.Southeast Asian Affairs,2013(1), 1-16. Zyck, A. S., Fan, L., Price, C. (2014). ASEAN and humanitarian action: progress and potential.ASEAN and Humanitarian Action--Jakarta Expert Roundtable, Jakarta, 1-6.

Its a Fracking Problem free essay sample

Fracking is increasing in the U. S. , but with this increase of natural gas comes an increase of safety concerns. The process of hydraulic fracking requires chemicals that can affect the families that live nearby. These chemicals also affect the environment on the land and in the air. With fracking there comes its positives and its negatives, some good and some bad. There are very few regulations on how fracking can be done, but in the regulations there isnt much help. Fracking for natural gas needs to be further regulated before it can continue. Fracking is the process of drilling and injecting fracking fluid into the ground at high pressures in order to fracture shale rocks to release natural gas. The fracking procedure is different than the usual oil technique used to get oil. First, they drill vertically into the ground. After drilling, they inject chemicals, water and sand into the well. We will write a custom essay sample on Its a Fracking Problem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the shale rock is finally cracked they begin extracting the natural gas. There are more than 500,000 active natural gas wells in the U. S. (Dangers of Fracking). The materials required at a fracking site are large amounts of water and sand. A fracking site needs one to eight million gallons of water and about four million pounds of sand (Dangers of Fracking). The graph below shows the process of how fracking is done. (cite). The water, sand, and fracking fluid that is put into the ground during the fracking procedure can have serious health effects. These materials have certain chemicals in them that can cause problems to families. The sand used in the process is â€Å"silica sand†. When the sand is blasted into wells, dust is released and goes into the air. With the sand particles now in the air, they can sometimes travel and affect people near the site. Effects from the â€Å"silica sand are silicosis and lung cancer†. â€Å"Silicosis could take years, even decades to appear and cannot be reversed or cured†. Problems with the silica in the air is the air is that some families live near these sites. There are very few regulations on amount of silica that can be allowed in the air (Peeples). The fracking fluid used contains chemicals like: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (Dangers of Fracking). Some of these chemicals are used for explosives, drugs and pesticides. A family’s drinking water was so contaminated with chemicals that their water begun â€Å"bubbling like champagne† and their well contained â€Å"so much methane that the water pouring out of a garden hose could be ignited† (Thomas). The fracking fluid that was leaked or left over has also effected farmers. A farmer did a study with a heard of his cows. He separated two groups of cows one containing sixty cows and the other only containing thirty six. Of the cows that were exposed to water that had fracking fluid in it twenty one had died and sixteen were unable to produce calves in the spring. The cows that were separated from the water containing fracking fluid had no health problems to them (Ramanujan). With all the serious health effects caused from improper fracking why hasnt anyone done anything to stop companies from disposing the chemicals improperly. â€Å"Fracking has already drawn considerable scrutiny from environmental groups, unhappy homeowners, and teams of lawyers who blame the drilling method for polluting pristine rivers, turning bucolic farmlands into noisy industrial zones, and leaking enough methane to make ordinary tap water as flammable as lighter fluid† (Hydrofracking). The main concern that is brought up by fracking is if it is safe enough for families and the environment. A personal interview was conducted on Joe Nye who is a member of the Clean Water Action group. He was asked â€Å"Will there ever be a safe way to still use hydraulic fracking? †. Joe’s response was â€Å"No way to know, but we do know that the current way is not safe enough to label it safe. We need to focus on truly safe sources of energy like wind and solar power and an emphasis on electric cars to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the negative and devastating effects of climate change† (Nye). In the environment the ground water and the air are the most effected from fracking. Chemicals can leak from the wells and get into the earths aquifer. The aquifer contains all of earths drinking water. It also contains water that is used for our crops. Fracking also affects the air. Since there are few regulations smog is produced where high areas of fracking occur and where there are snowy places. The chemicals that are used in fracking are stored in areas called â€Å"frac pits† (Nye). â€Å"The exemption for the natural gas industry in the Clean Air Act allows drillers to dump an unknown amount of toxic pollution into our air, sometimes just a football field away from your house. Because of this, we’re seeing worse air quality and dirty air in the Wyoming plains that we find in Los Angeles† (Brune). Another effect that can occur from fracking are earthquakes. A Canadian news article said â€Å"There has been two studies that have confirmed that earthquakes can be caused by fracking. The earthquakes had not directly been caused by the fracking process but the waste water disposed improperly† (Earthquakes). There are ways though to help decrease the occurrence of earthquakes and smog in an area. Regulations have been made to stop companys from releasing too much chemicals into the ground. A bill that was introduced that says â€Å"Companies would now have to submit independent reviews of their operation† (USA Today). More bills state â€Å"That in California they would temporarily stop hydrofracking in aquifers†. (calf). They also stated â€Å"The company would also have to give a list of the chemicals that are actually going into the ground† (calf). These small regulations and rules may not seem like much, but overtime they will hep protect the environment. People for fracking state that fracking will supply the U. S. with more natural gas and decrease the United States dependency on foreign oil, but is the Unites States actually keeping all of it? Fracking has many disadvantages, but it also has a few advantages as well. Fracking allows for people to reach otherwise unattainable gas. With people able to reach this natural gas, it will cut down the United States dependence on other countrys oil. Another positive for fracking is that it creates jobs for the economy. If more jobs are created, that means that more Americans are working and that the economy is improving. Also with fracking the natural gas produced from drilling is cleaner to burn then coal, thats if burned properly. Even though these positives seem wonderful the negatives of fracking still out rule its positives. Every site that is built uses large amounts of water and land. The positives seem great for the U. S. , but are the negatives really worth the positives? The use of hydrofracking is rapidly increasing as a main way to get natural gas out of the ground. With fracking increasing so quickly there are going to be supporters for both for and against it. What fracking actually is, is a process in which a mixture of water, sand and chemicals is blasted into the ground at high pressures to extract natural gas trapped in the shale rock. The process seems safe and easy to keep in control, but many times wells end up leaking and going in to the ground and peoples drinking water. Also if the fracking fluid is disposed improperly it could get into the air and travel away from the original site to families. Families that are exposed to this toxic air are in danger of acquiring silicosis or even lung cancer (Peeples). Although there are these negative effect there are still some positives to look at. With fracking comes and increase in jobs for the U. S. and also and increase in the United States economy. As the United States economy gets better, they can slowly work away at the huge debt they our in.

Land Pollution Essay Example

Land Pollution Paper Air pollution is the unwanted chemical, biological and particulate substances in the atmosphere that contaminates the air which causes harm to lives, properties, vegetation, environmental disorder and makes us uncomfortable. The substances which are used in polluting the air are known as pollutant. Air pollution has different impact on our society of which this essay is going to identify the causes of air pollution (Carbon monoxide and the effects on environment). This essay will also identify the effects of air pollution to our everyday lives, I. E. How air pollution has affected the world we live in and the people in it. Means of transportation which are cars, trucks, trains, buses etc. Has caused harm in our environment because they burn out carbon monoxide which pollutes the air. According to Socio (2007), diesel school bus, tractors, and bulldozers emit carbon monoxide 25 times more than motor vehicles. Children are at higher risk because diesel school bus carries children around from one location to another. State of Nevada (2008) claims that emission of gas from cars and trucks are one of the agents of global warming and also, extracting, transporting and storing transportation fuels (gasoline) also pollutes the land and seas. The burning of fossil fuels e. G. Coal, fuel, oil, gas by industries in production of our everyday needs has a negative effect on the atmosphere and also burning of forest has a negative impact on atmosphere. Socio (2007) states that, the burning of heavy oil and coal by industries causes smog on the atmosphere. Smog is created by burning coal and heavy oil that contain sulfur impurities in power plants, industrial plants, etc. The smog consists mostly of a mixture of sulfur dioxide and fog. Suspended droplets of sulfuric acid are formed from some of the sulfur dioxide, and a variety of suspended old particles. We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This smog is common during the winter in industrialized cities like London and Chicago. According to Socio (2007), the burning of rain forest emits more and more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A 1 1 5 year old Beech tree exposes about 200,000 leaves with a total surface to 1200 square meters. During the course of one sunny day such a tree inhales 9,400 liters of carbon dioxide to produce 12 kilograms of carbohydrate, thus liberating 9,400 liters of oxygen. Land Pollution Essay Example Land Pollution Paper What is land pollution? Land pollution is the deterioration (destruction) of the earths land surfaces, often directly or indirectly as a result of mans activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed off properly, or can occur when humans throw chemicals unto the soil in the form of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers during agricultural practices. Exploitation of minerals (mining activities) has also contributed to the destruction of the earths surface. Human actions have also caused many large areas of land to lose or reduce heir capacity to support life forms and ecosystems. This is know as land degradation. Note that land degradation can result from many factors, and land pollution is only one of them. In the lesson, we shall see the more about Land and Environmental Pollution, the sources of the pollution, its consequences and a few things we can do to prevent further pollution and protect our environment. Floods impact on both individuals and communities, and have social, economic, and environmental consequences. Some of the impacts of land pollution are: * Flooding * Air pollution * Soil pollution Toxins in water * Damage to marine life * Distraction to tourist Flooding The dumping of waste inappropriately can cause clogged drains leading to flooding. One problem that flooding presents to the environment is the potential to spread pollution. When cities and other areas used by humans are flooded, it is likely that various contaminants will be washed away by flood waters and spread into the environment. Solid waste in farmland with livestock can be washed away with the flood. Animals face many of the same threats from flooding as humans. Large floods can trap animals and tangentially cause them to drown. Flood waters can displace animals like snakes and rodents, which can pose dangerous conditions for animals and humans. * Flooding in key agricultural production areas can lead to widespread damage to crops and fencing and loss Of livestock. Crop losses through rain damage, waterlogged soils, and delays in harvesting are further intensified by transport problems due to flooded roads and damaged infrastructure. We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The flow-on effects of reduced agricultural production can often impact well outside the production area as food prices increase due to heritages in supply. On the other hand, flood events can result in long-term benefits to agricultural production by recharging water resource storages, especially in drier, inland areas, and by rejuvenating soil fertility by silt deposition. * Flooding of urban areas can result in significant damage to private property, including homes and businesses. Losses occur due to damage to both the structure and contents of buildings. Insurance of the structure and its contents against flooding can reduce the impacts of floods on individuals or companies. * The immediate impacts of flooding include zoos of human life, Floods can also traumatized victims and their families for long periods of time. The loss of loved ones has deep impacts, especially on children. Displacement from ones home, loss of property and disruption to business and social affairs can cause continuing stress. For some people the psychological impacts can be long lasting. Flooding can also cause mosquitoes which can cause diseases such as dengue. Air pollution Landfills across the country fills up because of the waste that are being dumped everyhere, they become a home for rodents and sometimes the asset are even burnt, creating very bad smells. Soil pollution: There are numerous types of soil pollution. Sadly, they are all caused by our waste and mistreatment of the land. Soil pollution is caused by pesticides, bad irrigation methods, garbage and industrial waste, among others. Some Of the types of soil pollution includes: Runoff * Runoff from farmland and agricultural fields causes soil pollution that can damage animal and plant life. In addition, rainwater can wash the chemicals used by farmers into water sources, which end up in soil far away from the site. Soil Amendments Soil amendments, byproducts from industry, can be used to amplify the nutrients within soil. However, many times, these products stem from industrial waste. Materials such as ash, lime and bio-solids can leave the soil contaminated over the long term. Landfills landfills contain products that can leak into the soil. Sulfates, nitrates, heavy metals and other unnatural products pollute the ground. Oil Spills * fertility status of the land was greatly compromised after an oil spill. Toxins in Water In many natural systems, floods play an important role in maintaining key ecosystem functions and biodiversity. They link the river with the land surrounding it, recharge groundwater systems, fill wetlands, increase the connectivity between aquatic habitats, and move both sediment and nutrients around the landscape, and into the marine environment. For many species, floods trigger breeding events, migration, and dispersal. These natural systems are resilient to the effects of all but the largest floods. Damage to marine life Development of marinas and breakwaters can cause changes in currents and coastlines. Furthermore, extraction of building materials such as sand affects coral reefs, mangroves, and hinterland forests, leading to erosion and destruction of habitats. In the Philippines and the Maldives, dynamiting and mining of coral for resort building materials has damaged fragile coral reefs and depleted the fisheries that sustain local people and attract tourists. Overbuilding and extensive paving of shorelines can result in destruction of habitats and disruption of land-sea connections (such as sea-turtle nesting spots). Coral reefs are especially fragile marine ecosystems and are suffering relied from reef-based tourism developments. Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coral result from shoreline development, increased sediments in the water, trampling by tourists and divers, ship groundings, pollution from sewage, overflowing, and fishing with poisons and explosives that destroy coral habitat. Distraction for tourist The city looses its attraction as tourist destination as landfills do not look when moving around the city. It leads to loss of revenue for the country. Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater Han the environments ability to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources. Land Pollution Essay Example Land Pollution Paper People across the globe have been facing a number of health problems caused due to the pollution of land, water and air. Talking about land pollution, it has some of the most devastating effects on both nature and living beings. Land pollution is characterized by the contamination of Earth s surface, where humans and other creatures live. One of the major causes of land pollution is human activities. Given below is complete information about the main causes and harmful effects of land pollution. Causes of Land Pollution by Human * Increase in arbitration is one of the major causes of land pollution in Cambodia. Construction uses up forestland. Since Cambodia is a developing country, this leads to the exploitation and destruction of forests. There is more demand for water. Reservoirs are built resulting in the loss Of land. In urban areas redevelopment has been a major cause of forced evictions. In Phonon Penn alone, 133,000 people, or 1 1% of the population, were estimated to have been evicted from their homes between 1 990 and 2009. Rural landlines, often caused by forced evictions, rose from 13% in 1997 to 20-25% in 2007 12. Of serious consequence is the fact that evictions increase the vulnerability of women to further acts of violence. A long-term advisor to the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MULCH) estimates that, partly because of such evictions, a minimum 100,000 landless and land-poor households need land (Mueller, 201 1). * The disposal of non-biodegradable wastes, including containers, bottles and cans made of plastic, used cars and electronic goods, leads to the pollution of land. Citizen lack of knowledge of disposal, the laws isnt strict enough. * Agricultural wastes including the waste matters produced by rope, animal manure and residues of the farm land are one of the major causes of land pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The pesticides and fertilizers used by farmers to increase the crop yield whereas the farmer is over-using it due to lack of skilled in farming leaches into the nearby land areas and pollutes them. * The process of mining leads to the formation of piles of coal and slang. The mining is increasing to supply the increase of population. When these wastes are not disposed through proper channel, they are accumulated and contaminate the land. * Industry is developing in Cambodia, its wastes are major contributors of land pollution. Dumping of toxic materials such as chemicals and paints makes the areas surrounding the industries, look very filthy. Improper treatment of sewage leads to the accumulation of solids, such as biomass sludge. These solid wastes overflow through the sewage, making the entire area look dirty. * Although domestic and industrial wastes are collected and recycled or burnt in incinerators, a large amount of rubbish is left untreated. These are then dumped into grounds , leading to land pollution. While the law isnt obeyed so the industrial can just dispose the trash whereas they want to. * Garbage dumped by people makes the trees unhealthy, unfit and dirty to reside in. The waste matter usually consists of leftover food, fruit and vegetable peels and other non- decomposable solid materials such as glass, cloth, plastic, wood, paper etc. Cause of Land Pollution By Nature Many natural processes can create soil pollution. They include: * Erosion: The natural processes of erosion can lead to severe pollution as sediment finds its way into streams, rivers and oceans. As the sediment dumps into the oceans, it can upset fragile aquatic echo-systems and marine life. * Hoods: A raging river swollen by heavy rain too quickly create land elution. Rivers that run over the banks into communities (example like Mekong river) sweep away automobiles, homes, propane tanks and hundreds of other pollutants that eventually find their way into the soil once the waters * Heavy metals: Many people are surprised to learn that soil can be recede. Contaminated from natural elements such as heavy metals that include lead, arsenic, chromium, selenium and cadmium. These can also leach into water supplies; however, the instances are fairly rare. * Radon: This is a serious pollutant gas that appears naturally in soil as a result of the uranium breakdown process. When inhaled, this gas can cause lung cancer. * Storm erosion: Natural disasters such as tornadoes destroy manmade structures and carry contaminates and hazardous materials into waterways and oceans. These pollutants disrupt the natural order of marine life and aquatic systems. It rarely happens in Cambodia though. Harmful Effects of Land Pollution * Tons of domestic wastes are dumped every day. Since people do not follow proper methods for the disposal of such wastes, it leaves the places kick dirty and makes them unhealthy. * Land pollution indirectly affects the respiratory system of human beings. Breathing in polluted dust or particle can result in a number of health problems related to the respiratory system. * Skin problems are often diagnosed due to land pollution. It is said that the improper disposal of household wastes leads to allergic reactions on the skin. * Land pollution has been found as one of the leading causes for birth defects. Pregnant women living in unhealthy and dirty environment can incur breathing problems and a number of diseases, which may affect the health of the baby as well. * Land pollution often disrupts the balance of Nature, causing human fatalities. Land Pollution Essay Example Land Pollution Paper This is a very general and common fundamental, but in fact, how many people can actually apply it to their life and live up to it? We promote healing our environment, but on the other hand, we bust it up with burning the forest, throwing rubbish everywhere, pouring the toxin into the soil, and etc. The reason why weve chosen this topic is because this concern has increased in the last few decades. Furthermore, many people dont pay much attention to environmental problems because they dont understand how serious the problem would affect them or their lifestyle. Land pollution can harm locals just by being nearby. For example, people who live near toxic sites often have birth defects, shorter life spans, and chemical induced diseases. The dangers of land pollution are so great that landfills have to be sealed so no air can leak in or out, making decomposition in landfills nearly impossible. So, our mission is to create awareness to people about the land problems in Malaysia is getting serious and serious. We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We also ant to create awakens to the society to protect environment for our future and of course to build a safety culture in our daily life. Targeted Audience and Missions Weve categories the audiences into 4 groups based on their ages and professions. Well use different aims and methodologies to achieve our vision and mission. 1. Children age under 12 Children can become an important ally in our overall efforts to enhance the environment and our childrens awareness of these issues is critical in this cause. Many things that you learn at a young age are carried on with you later in life. Walk the walk and the children will follow. Committing personally to greater environmental consciousness and encouraging recycle by recycling ourselves. We need to help them see the importance of environmental awareness in life. Here are some ways to create awareness on this category: A. Read with them about the issues. There are a number Of great books for kids helping them understand the environment and the issues they face. B. Set an example. Walk the walk and the children will follow. We need to be a role model for them, a person who cares and concerns about environment and the places we live. C. Participate in environmental projects. We can organize an environmental project together with our neighborhoods to promote the importance of conservation and preservation. Plant trees and does gardening can be effectively reduce the land pollution. Moreover, activities are good opportunities to teach environmental principles. Make time to be together with your children outside and you will have chances to experience nature on the first hand 2. Teenage age under 18 Thirty percent of the worlds population is under the age of eighteen, according to UNEVEN, which is why educating children and young adults about environmental problems is crucial to long-term Success. Teenager as a result of the future successor, if they do not understand how our environment does paid for the civilization and ignores the pondered of self-awaken towards land preservation and conservation, one day; we will step inside the rattrap and digest the pain ourselves. As for it, we need to aware the teenager to resolve to be the land guardian, to protect and cherish our land and environment. Here are some ways for this category: A. Classroom education Integrating environmental education into current science classes or teaching environmental science as a separate discipline is one of the best ways to educate children and teens about environmental problems, such as land problems. B. Held an anti-land pollution campaign Land pollution is mainly caused by poor solid waste management. By holding this campaign, we can promote the ways of reduction, reuse and recycle in reducing the problems of land pollutions. C. Interactive Environment Games This format of gaming helps to spread environmental awareness. Interactive environmental games require the players to maintain, cleanse and keep a healthy environment virtually. Players can help save endangered species, lean their neighborhood by disposing Off the trash or even clean toxic materials. 3. Professions and non-professions The natural sounded alarm was too weak to curb people from continuing to produce a great deal of trash and deteriorating our environment. The earth is paying the price for us for the development of industrialization in our nation. Land will not heal itself. It requires us to take actions. So, with all the professions involvement in our project, we believe that it wills become a guiding role in the majority of young and with the chain-reaction, it brings incentive and positive impact to our community. Besides, we need to have on-professions to get involved as volunteer to work together to return a beautiful home to the earth. When we notice that people we look up to are promoting the green movement we are going to get more involved. So, awareness on these peoples is necessary for us. A. Advertise, advertise, and advertise. One of the best ways to make people aware of the problem is through repetitious advertising. We need to have advertisement campaigns that talk about Going Green and what we Can do to save the environment. There could be an advertising campaign with the slogan, Only You Can Save Our Land. B. Government impose protection act to the public Whoever against the laws and cause land polluted, government will impose penalty or prison to them. C. Create company responsibilities The government can give incentives or rewards to the company whoever reduce or minimize the pollution of the land. E. G. Replant the tree or forest, minimize the chemical usages, so on and so for. How do we benefit? Based on the objectives Ive mentioned, it is clearly shown that there are several benefits by preserving and conserving our lands: 1 . Save limited resources and give our next generation a healthy and safety environment to live. 2. We also promoting stronger awakens by giving out wariness and knowledge to the public that we all need to reach out and work with neighbors to protect the land we need and love. 3. Preservation of land helps future generations from protecting foods and water supply, providing wildlife habitat, and strengthening communities. How is part 2 going to be done in debut? What kind Of nation we will be, what kind Of world we will live in, whether we shape the future in the mage of our hopes, is ours to determine by our actions and our choices. We are going to make a movie about the awareness of land pollution, make comparison on the land before and after polluted tit a slogan of embrace the green revolution; Im a friend of nature. Summing-up The Earth is groaning and trembling. It needs our help. The land is our indispensable resources and it couldnt be replaced. It is also the basis for plant growing and agricultural production. Land is just as important as our heart, we carried out every productions and activities on the land, we live on and rely it. Lets create the green for future. Cherish our land resources and say no to land pollution. Actions must be taken immed iately in order to expose this awareness to our friends and families surrounding. Land Pollution Essay Example Land Pollution Paper Land pollution is basically about contaminating the land surface of the earth through dumping urban waste matter indiscriminately, dumping of industrial waste, mineral exploitation, and misusing the soil by harmful agricultural practices. Pollution includes visible litter and waste along with the soil itself being polluted. The soil gets polluted by the chemicals in pesticides and herbicides used for agricultural purposes along with waste matter being littered in urban areas such as roads, parks, and streets. Land pollution is the result of human misuse of soil. Poor agricultural practices, digging up of important resources and dumping of garbage underground can cause land pollution. Arbitration, the growth of rural lands into urban areas and industrialization that results in the formation of an industrial society are regarded as the two main causes of land pollution. The excavation of minerals, the increasing quarrying and mining activities lead to land pollution. The excavation and mining activities lead to the loosening of soil. Increased mechanization leads to the contamination of soil, thus causing ever land pollution. Deforestation is one of the major causes of loosening of soil, that in turn causes soil erosion. The soil that is left naked on harvesting crops from agricultural lands is vulnerable to being eroded by wind and water. Intensive agricultural practices cause the soil cover to lose its nutritional elements, making it of no use for agriculture. Excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers causes soil contamination. Chemicals can prove harmful to the animal and plant life. An excessive use of chemicals leads to a decrease in the fertility of soil. We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Land Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Certain herbicides and insecticides dead to toxicity of soil. Fungicides contain copper and mercury, which are extremely harmful to the soil as well as the plant and animal life that thrives in it. Inefficient and unhealthy methods of soil management and harmful irrigation practices lead to soil pollution. Agricultural and industrial waste, solids from sewage treatment plants, ashes and garbage are other causes of land pollution. The accumulation of inorganic wastes in soil poses a threat to the plant and animal life in that area. Garbage is carelessly dumped into the soil. Non-biodegradable wastes such as plastic and rubber prove lethal to the fife in the soil. Plastic and glass bottles, cans, rubber tires and electronic items dumped in the soil make up the main cause of land pollution. Solid wastes are harmful to the terrestrial plants and animals. One of the major consequences of land pollution is the imbalance in nature, resulting from the harm caused to the wildlife and vegetation on the land. It adversely affects the human respiratory system and results in various skin problems if the toxic materials of the soil come in contact with the skin. The consumption of fruits and vegetables that are grown in contaminated soil an lead to several health hazards in human beings. When contaminated soil is washed away in the water reservoirs, it leads to water pollution, which is lethal to the aquatic flora and fauna. The soil contaminants are driven by the wind, causing air pollution, which is detrimental to health. It is high time we realize the importance of soil and devise ways to curb land pollution. Maximum use of biodegradable materials and implementation of recycling in order to reuse resources are some of the excellent methods of preventing land pollution. It is important to implement proper methods of disposal of organic waste. It is necessary to educate the masses about the causes and effects of land pollution. We cannot take Mother Earth for granted. The process of contamination of the land surface of the Earth is referred to as land pollution. It results from human activities that cause an imbalance in nature. Dumping human and industrial waste, harmful agricultural practices and exposing the land to harmful chemicals leads to the pollution of land. We often ignore the fact that land constitutes soil, which is one of the most important natural resources. While discussing the causes and effects of elution, we speak of water and air pollution and rarely even think of the adverse effects Of land pollution. Land Pollutants Comprise: Solid Waste and Soil Pollution Solid Waste Semisolid or solid reenter that are created by human or animal activities, and which are disposed because they are hazardous or useless are known as solid waste. Most of the solid wastes, like paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, and even used cars and electronic goods are not biodegradable, which means they do not get broken down through inorganic or organic processes. Thus, when they accumulate they pose a health threat to people, plus, ceasing wastes also attract household pests and result in urban areas becoming unhealthy, dirty, and unsightly places to reside in. Moreover, it also causes damage to terrestrial organisms, while also reducing the uses of the land for other, more useful purposes. Some of the sources of solid waste that cause soil pollution are: Wastes from Agriculture – This comprises waste matter produced by crop, animal manure, and farm residues. Wastes from Mining – Piles of coal refuse and heaps of slang. Wastes from Industries – Industrial waste matter that can cause land pollution can include paints, chemicals, and so on. Solids from Sewage Treatment – Wastes that are left over after sewage has been treated, biomass sludge, and settled solids. Ashes – The residual matter that remains after solid fuels are burned. Garbage – This comprises waste matter from food that are decomposable and other waste matter that are not decomposable such as glass, metal, cloth, plastic, wood, paper, and so on. Soil Pollution Soil pollution is chiefly caused by chemicals in pesticides, such as poisons that are used to kill agricultural pests like insects and herbicides that are used to get rid of weeds. Hence, soil pollution results from: Unhealthy methods of soil management. Harmful practices Of irrigation methods. Land pollution is caused by farms because they allow manure to collect, which leaches into the nearby land areas. Chemicals that are used for purposes like sheep dipping also cause serious pollution as do diesel oil spillages. What are the Consequences of Land Pollution? ND or soil pollution can affect wildlife, plants, and humans in a number of ways, such as: Cause problems in the respiratory system Cause problems on the skin Lead to birth defects Cause various kinds of cancers. The toxic materials that pollute the soil can get into the human body directly by: Coming into contact with the skin Being washed into water sources like reservoirs and rivers Eating fruits and vegetables that have been grown in polluted soil Breathing in polluted dust or particles How can Land Pollution be prevented? People should be educated and made aware about the harmful effects of littering Items used for domestic purposes ought to be reused or recycled Personal litter should be disposed properly Organic waste matter should be disposed in areas that are far away from existential places Inorganic matter such as paper, plastic, glass and metals should be reclaimed and then recycled. It has become the need of the hour to protect the earth from the harmful effects of pollution, so that the generations to come will be able to a live a decently healthy life. Every individual will have to take the onus on himself and work towards bettering the environment and keep the earth green and healthy. Causes [pica [pica]illumination’s Arbitration [Pica] Domestic Wastes Causes of Land Pollution Overpopulation 1 . Degenerative Actions encompass a lot of human actions, including – forestation, overuse Of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, desertification, mining, inefficient and / or inadequate waste treatment, landfill, litter, etc. Many of these are unavoidable; however, definitely the severity of these actions in terms of the effects they have on the land can be reduced by taking appropriate and adequate corrective measure. For example, the amount of litter produced can be hugely reduced if we all strictly say NO to plastic. The key here is to conduct a thorough EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment. 2. Misuse of Land mainly refers to felling of trees to clear land for agriculture, s well as processes like desertification and land conversion. Desertification is when anthropogenic effects of human development and / or other actions converts a piece of (essentially) fertile land into desert-land or dry land. Isn’t that a scary thought? Land once converted to desert-land can never be reclaimed by any amount of corrective measures. This is also a serious issue because t does not only affect the land, but also the overall biodiversity of a place, specially when land is cleared for agriculture. A lot of indigenous flora and fauna is lost in the process. 3. Inefficient Use of Land – surprised? Does inefficient use of land count as a cause Of land pollution? Yes. Why? Due to the consequences of inefficient use of land. Inefficient use of land as such is not going to cause land pollution. However, inefficient use of land amounts to wastage, and hence shortage of land; and it is precisely during such conditions that man has to resort to measure such as deforestation and others to meet his needs. It is an important, albeit an indirect cause of land pollution that is often largely neglected. 4. Soil Pollution is when the top-most ‘soil’ layer of land is destroyed or polluted. Soil pollution is again another cause of land pollution that affects not only the land, but also a lot of other things such as forest cover of a region, productivity of land in terms of agriculture, grazing etc. Soil pollution is also caused by wrong agricultural practices, such as overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This causes non-biodegradable chemicals to enter and accumulate in the food-chain – a process often referred to as bio magnification of a pollutant. . Land Conversion is the process whereby a piece of land is converted from its indigenous form to a form used for either agriculture or infrastructure. Land conversion is especially a growing problem that we possibly do not have a good or a good enough solution for. The best way to avoid land conversion is to make efficient use of the available land. Using a piece of land to its maximum potential is the key to eliminate many of the causes of land pollution. 6. Arbitration and Industrialization. As more and more people migrated to cities for better job prospects, it caused a dearth of land. Forests around the cities were cut and suburbs came up where the immigrants began to live. Due to this deforestation, ecosystems got disturbed and many plant and animal baits were destroyed. 7. Increase in Population. Due to the increase in population, there has been a need for more food. Because of this, a major part of the land is being cultivated for food. Even forests have been cut, thus, adding further to land degradation and pollution. 8. Agricultural and Industrial Wastes. Chemicals in pesticides and herbicides used in agriculture as well as poisonous substances left behind by industries, particularly mining, have polluted the land to a great extent. 9. Technological Waste. Computer parts and other worn out, old machines have added to the land pollution. 10. Domestic Wastes. These are caused by foods, plastics, paper and other left over from a household. The amount of such a waste is huge and thus, is a major contributor to land pollution. You may further go to causes and effects of land pollution. Effects Effects to Climate Extinction of Species Effects of Land Pollution 1. Effects on Climate Land pollution can affect the general environment of the Earth. Land pollutions leads to loss in the forest cover of Earth. This is in turn going to affect the amount of rain. Less rains mean lesser vegetation. The effect of all different kinds of pollution will eventually lead to problems like acid rains, roundhouse effect, global warming. All of these problems have already initiated and need to be curbed before the situation runs out of control. 2. Extinction of Species One of the major causes of concern is the extinction of species. Species are pushed towards endangerment and extinction primarily by two processes. Habitat fragmentation is the fragmentation of the natural habitat of an organism; cause primarily by urban sprawl. Habitat destruction, on the other hand, is when land clearing adversely affects animals special such that their natural habitat is lost. Both the actions can cause some species to go extinct and others to become invasive. 3. Bio magnification Bio magnification is the process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain (in one or more species). The most common example is of methyl mercury in fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does bio magnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the food pyramid. 4. Effects on Biodiversity Species extinction and bio magnification is going to overthrow the balance of nature very significantly. The main reason for this is disturbance created in he food chain. To give you a very simple example – on account of bio magnification of mercury in eagles, they might go extinct in the subsequent years. However, we know eagles prey on snakes. Less (or no) eagles will then result in more number of snakes! As you may have realized, land pollution is indeed going to affect a lot more things than we though it will. Hence, I leave you with some corrective measure you can take on a personal level to reduce land pollution. Encourage organic farming – buy organic food. Proper garbage disposal – separate your garbage before you give it to the airbag collector; and strictly say NO to plastic. Encourage recycling – buy recycled products, notebooks, paper, etc. Restrict use of herbicides and pesticides – they are not only used in farm, but in your own backyard as well. If we reduce our contribution to garbage and litter, therein itself we will be able to significantly reduce land pollution and probably curb it entirely in the near future. Also do realize this isn’t only about land pollution; it is about all kinds Of pollution. We need to take Steps to prevent damaging our Earth. We have no other place to go.

Free Essays on The Causes And Results Of The Peloponnesian War

â€Å"The causes and results of the Peloponnesian War† The cause of the Peloponnesian war began with disputes between both Sparta and Athens on how each state should treat the allies of the other. Relations between the two powers became strained, the peace collapsed, and a twenty seven year long war began; one which Athens would ultimately loose. As a result of the war, Athens had lost all of its power as an empire. Extreme hardship due to the heavy losses in both men and financial costs of war struck Athens; the added impact of the plague caused even more losses. Women, who otherwise had no income, were beginning to produce much of the clothing for the general population. In the aftermath of the war, Sparta placed strict rules on Athens. Athens was now forced to support Sparta in any future Spartan war, Sparta had control over any foreign relations Athens may have, and Sparta now controlled all Athenian possessions including all but eight warships, from what was left of Athens’ navy. Athens was also forced to accept â€Å"pro-Spartan† government.... Free Essays on The Causes And Results Of The Peloponnesian War Free Essays on The Causes And Results Of The Peloponnesian War â€Å"The causes and results of the Peloponnesian War† The cause of the Peloponnesian war began with disputes between both Sparta and Athens on how each state should treat the allies of the other. Relations between the two powers became strained, the peace collapsed, and a twenty seven year long war began; one which Athens would ultimately loose. As a result of the war, Athens had lost all of its power as an empire. Extreme hardship due to the heavy losses in both men and financial costs of war struck Athens; the added impact of the plague caused even more losses. Women, who otherwise had no income, were beginning to produce much of the clothing for the general population. In the aftermath of the war, Sparta placed strict rules on Athens. Athens was now forced to support Sparta in any future Spartan war, Sparta had control over any foreign relations Athens may have, and Sparta now controlled all Athenian possessions including all but eight warships, from what was left of Athens’ navy. Athens was also forced to accept â€Å"pro-Spartan† government....