Module Ten: Text Questions Essay

Audit Questions 1. What is an addressed record? Depict in any event one case of something that may be an addressed record. An addressed record is an archive where the content or type utilized in its organization causes doubt. 2. What is a model? What are the best kinds of models? Models are approved instances of how a content should look as a source of perspective. The best sorts of models are the ones of comparable substance and additionally in a similar organization. 3. What are normal varieties? Depict how these may occur. Common varieties are unobtrusive changes in penmanship that happen typically. This normally occur with time. 4. How are stepped marks not the same as composed marks? Stepped marks are strict stamps that leave a print of a mark rather than a hand marking. 5. What are a portion of the typescript machines that record analysts may need to explore? Pick one of these machines and portray what archive analysts may search for when contrasting the machine with an addressed record. A portion of the typescript machines that record analysts need to examine are typewriters, scanners, and fax machines. With printers, for instance, agents may intently search for disparities between duplicates, as there are little defects basic in each duplicate. Basic Thinking Questions 1. Why are addressed records significant in criminological science? What is one case of a circumstance where an addressed record may be a significant piece of a criminal case? Addressed records are significant in legal science in light of the fact that the check of a report could influence a course somehow. For instance, a fashioned self destruction note could propose treachery. 2. What are a portion of the manners in which that a record inspector may attempt to coordinate an addressed archive to a particular typewriter? What angles may they take a gander at? An archive inspector may attempt to coordinate an addressed record to a particular typewriter by taking note of potential varieties after some time that could represent any disparities. 3. Envision that you have been approached to decide if a mark on a check is credible or a fraud. What steps would you take in doing this? What viewpoints would you inspect? If I somehow managed to decide if a mark is certified of a fraud I would intently look at the strokes and bends of the penmanship. 4. Envision thatâ you have been approached to decide if a will composed fifty years prior is legitimate or an advanced fabrication. How might you approach doing this? What viewpoints would you inspect to assist you with making your assurance? To decide if the will was a falsification or a bona fide record I would gather models to contrast and the first archive. I would intently think about the two and search for dubious likenesses or contrasts. 5. A law authorization operator is accountable for getting a composing test from an uncooperative suspect. The operator places the suspect in an agreeable room and has the individual browse a lot of pencils and ink pens. The operator takes the addressed archive and directs the data to the suspect, having the suspect record what she says as she peruses from the addressed report. After a few passages, the operator stops and has the presume modify the material two additional occasions. What did the operator foul up in this circumstance? What did the specialist do right? The specialist ought not have given the presume the unfenced of composing materials however was right in the material that they had the suspect record.

Literature Synthesis Paper-Case study Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Writing Synthesis Paper- - Case Study Example Model 1 is the most widely recognized word request in German; it is an explanatory sentence and has just a single fundamental provision (Weyerts, Penke, Munte, Heinze and Clahsen 216). So the action word is in second situation in a sentence that is finished and can remain solitary; as such in a free condition. Weyerts, Penke, Munte, Heinze and Clahsen guarantee that â€Å" it is consistently a limited action word or helper that shows up in second position, and it just shows up there in principle clauses† (216). In sentence 3, the first or primary condition follows the subject-action word object request but since the subsequent provision can't remain solitary and is reliant on the principle proviso the word request changes to subject-object-action word (Monaghan, Gonitzke and Chater 816). Assuming be that as it may, the subordinate or ward condition precedes the principle or autonomous provision the word request is distinctive once more. For instance: Sentence 4 starts with a needy condition and on the grounds that this subordinate statement is in first position it is viewed as the initial segment of the fundamental proviso and the word request is SVO. The action word in the principle condition follows the action word in the subordinate provision since it is viewed as the second situation in the sentence (Verstraete 616). The boundless action word in sentence 5 is ‘changed’ and has moved to the last situation after the item yet the limited action word ‘has’ remains in second situation after the subject in principle or free provisions, which is distinctive to English as can be found in the interpretation. Another guide to show this requesting is Sentence 7 outlines how rather than the limited action word being in second position and the endless action word being in last situation as found in sentence 6, the two action words move and follow the item however the vast action word goes before the limited action word (Monaghan, Gonitzke and Chater 816). Another case of this requesting is Sentence 8 incorporates a subject of the subordinate statement and further delineates how the endless action word follows the article and the limited action word follows the

Innovation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Development - Assignment Example From individual encounters and comprehension picked up in regards to the utilization of this specific device, it tends to be additionally delineated that StratSim Management guarantees a unique learning situation for individuals inside a specific business association that helps the equivalent in managing different situations of difficulties looked by a specific specialty unit in any part. According to my own involvement in the utilization of this device, an individual needs to guarantee appropriate administration of the destinations, with the goal that ideal outcomes can be achieved from the utilization of the apparatus. The absolute most noticeable utilization of StratSim in the current day the board area incorporates definition of business procedures, advancement of items and administrations, execution of the advertising exercises of business and budgetary dynamic among others. While my relationship with Vauxhall Motors during the time spent utilizing StratSim, I had the option to recognize some key qualities and shortcomings for the general business. According to my StratSim experience, the qualities of the organization for the most part incorporate its thankful image picture inside the car division. Besides, inventive methodology of the organization inside its tasks can likewise be viewed as solidarity to a degree. The breadth of the tasks of the organization in the worldwide vehicle industry can be additionally viewed as quality of the business to an impressive degree. There were additionally sure shortcomings for the business, which must be likewise talked about essentially. The organization has been managing issues of absence of development and practical dynamic in the worldwide car industry. There is likewise an absence of item separation inside the tasks, which is additionally hampering the business situating of the organization to a degree and subse quently, they can be declared as shortcomings for the equivalent over the long haul. The previously mentioned shortcomings or difficulties distinguished inside the activities of the organization can be alleviated with the assistance of powerful techniques under the space of

Instant Solutions to Education Argumentative Essay Topics

Instant Solutions to Education Argumentative Essay Topics Education Argumentative Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! If you have to create a descriptive essay within a broader writing prompt, you might want to find some insight about how to compose the other styles of essay writing. For an argumentative essay, you should select an issue that's controversial. The topics for argumentative essays are frequently very self-explanatory they're common understanding. Consider wide-ranging remarks as you're browsing. Do the exact same with opinions you don't support. Give a fascinating facts about some thing you're likely to speak about on your essay own body together with also your audience might have to read if you would like to discover far more. An academic essay based on argument will need a topic which should be on a matter of controversy that isn't only interesting to you, but to your readers. Thus, the thesis statement cannot be a truth. It is the very important essence of an argumentative essay. Most papers did not use the term in any way. The argument alone is not sufficient to guarantee top-notch grades. Narrative essays naturally get the job done nicely with the descriptive type of essay writing. Your reasons are your primary statements. Never utilize words of which you don't know the specific meaning. Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. There are some possible outcomes. The program can generate a whole essay in under a second, dependent on a few keywords. Examples include topic like death penalty or abortion. Education Argumentative Essay Topics Help! A fine idea may be to pick out a subject, which has a stable group of accessible info and nonetheless sufficient room for a private research. Be both a useful guide through complex problems and an informed judge when choices have to be made. Each and every part might have a different building. Weighing the alternatives and consequences, the reply is clear. There are a lot of students whose education was affected due absence of concentration in class. The Swedish education process is deemed progressive. Students may now access any site online which has adult content or pornographic materials. Third, they will be aware of the risks and negative effects that can arise in the case of improper sexual behavior. To put it differently, the politician who would like a vote, or the fake news sites which just need a click. The Benefit A persuasive essay offers you the advantage of digging through a situation. However you are feeling about Valentine's it's still likely to come. Valentine's Day isn't a holiday. The simplest approach to get past the matter is quite clear. Conservatives want to snap out of their fight-or-flight answer, have a minute to step from the fevered haze of election season, and realize that there's no need or excellent reason to find provision and protection in a Herd. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, and make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. Once you have cautiously selected your problem, it's possiblity to begin doing preliminary research to the subject of interest. There is considerably more to it. Thus average wages in the USA are decreased. Sex education is the action of informing younger and adult generations about everything they will need to understand about sex. You just need to explore. There are scores and scores of other nations. Sex education programs are getting to be a portion of more middle school curricula and if you begin a program many will follow. On the flip side, it supplies my job another amount of importance to me. Your stance ought to be clear from the very start. When you're writing, you sometimes add words with exactly the same meaning only for emphasizing something, but it's not always justified. You have to write in an official style.

The Modern Era Of Hypnosis And Hypnotherapy - 941 Words

The modern era of hypnosis and hypnotherapy began with Franz Anton Mesmer, the Viennese physician. Mesmer favored an altogether gentler approach, and his devotion to his patients was quite extraordinary. His breakthrough case was that of Franzl Oesterline, a 27 year old woman suffering from what Mesmer described as a convulsive malady, â€Å"the most troublesome symptoms of which was that the blood rushed to her head and there set up the most cruel toothaches and earaches, followed by delirium, rage, vomiting and swooning†. These symptoms were so severe that Fraulein Oesterline moved into Mesmer’s house to receive round-the-clock care. Returning to the theories of his student days, Mesmer introduced a cure by using a magnet to disrupt the gravitational tides adversely affecting his patient. He successfully induced in Fraulein Oesterline the sensation of a fluid draining rapidly from her body, taking her illness with it. Her recovery after that was complete and virtually instantaneous (Kirsch et.al., 1995). From a modern perspective, we can see that the results were produced by the hypnotic suggestion of a fluid draining from the body, a wonderful healing metaphor that wouldn’t be out of place in a 21st century hypnotherapy practice. Even Mesmer realized that the magnet had nothing to do with the cure. His system rested on the belief that illness was caused by depleted levels of animal magnetism, and that these could be replenished by the healer transmitting some of his ownShow MoreRelatedHypnosis : A Form Of Complementary Therapy1379 Words   |  6 PagesHypnosis (hypnotherapy) is â€Å"a form of complementary therapy that the old power of positive suggestion to bring about sub-conscious change to our thoughts, feelings and behavior. The process itself aims to alter our state of consciousness in a way that relaxes the conscious part of the mind while simultaneously stimulating and focusing the subconscious part. This heightened state of awareness to reached using skilled relax ation techniques and allows the therapist to then make appropriate suggestions†Read MoreThe Roots Of Hypnosis And The Early Ages Of Ancient Civilizations Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech 101 Ani Hovhannisyan All about Hypnosis Ancient Greek fabulist Aesop once said, â€Å"Persuasion is often more effectual than force.† Persuasion, particularly altered state of mind, can be achieved by utilizing mind-control and hypnotic techniques. The roots of hypnosis trace back to the early ages of ancient civilizations. Ever since the 18th century when the use of hypnosis as a therapeutic tool was brought to the attention of public, it has continuedRead MoreDebate Topics6648 Words   |  27 PagesHypnotherapy is therapy that is undertaken with a subject in hypnosis.[citation needed] The word hypnosis (from the Greek hypnos, sleep) is an abbreviation of James Braid s (1841) term neuro-hypnotism, meaning sleep of the nervous system. A person who is hypnotized displays certain unusual characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized subject, most notably hyper-suggestibility, which some authorities have considered a sine qua non of hypnosis. For example, Clark L. HullRead MoreThe Mind Body Concept Of Healing1757 Words   |  8 Pagesconcept of healing is not new. What is now called Hypnosis has been known to exist in almost all societies in the past, although its nature has hardly been understood. Although the term â€Å"hypnosis† has been used only since the 1840s, priests, shamans, healers and medicine men began using this technique, or some form of it, centuries earlier. Evidence of hypnotic-like phenomena appears in many ancient cultures. There are written records about hypnosis going back 5,000 years in Mesopotamia and Egypt

The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 1077 Words

No Entity In The Society â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka it is a vivid picture of social criticism, that society respects and needs only people who contribute to the society. I’m going to describe the narrator’s voice, explain how the title—The metamorphosis—can be applied not only to the main character, Gregor Samsa, but also to his family, and interpret Kafka’s social criticism in this novel. The narrator’s voice is omniscient - all knowing third person. Omniscient narrator uses adjectives that let us know about the main character’s feelings. Gregor s feelings are shame, embarrassment, guilt, concern, and amusement. Shame and embarrassment shows when he can t support his family. He feels guilty for his appearance. Concern occurs when he always thinks about his family. And amusement when he is enjoying crawling on the wall, that shows that he is forgetting that he was human. Most of the time the narrator is inside Greg or’s thoughts. The novel has different voices, sometimes is a third person as an omniscient narrator and sometimes the narrator talks from Gregor’s mind. The narrative talks not only Gregor’s perspective, also from family perspective. He describes very well what is happening with him and what is surrounding him. Also, Kafka provides a lot of irony and sarcasm through the novel. For instance, â€Å"Gregor on terror was rooted to the spot; there was no sense in keeping moving, not if his father had decided to have recourse toShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the individual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successf ully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develop after birth or hatching. Involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in the animal’s body structure through cell growth and differentiation. The author Franz Kafka, who relatively wrote little in his short life and who published less has been enormously influential on later writers. He is considered an export of German expressionism. The metamorphosis is Kafka’s longest story and oneRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The metamorphosis,† is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptance, and the death of the protagonist. There are many int erpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using† and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge† of a story is important to read a â€Å"text† (Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The metamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history† has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]† (Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the novella was written, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosi s By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words    |  4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility† (Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves

Reward Management for Fair Works Commission- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReward Management for Fair Works Commission. Answer: Essay Preparation Template What is your understanding of what is required in this essay The essay is based on the discussion of the unjustified decision of Fair Works Commission on fixing the minimum wages of the labors at just $17.29 per year which is much lower than the earlier year. The workers are extremely worried about the current situation especially the workers who are at the lowest strata of the work chain in an organization (Hsu et al. 2015). The increase in the wage will not have any positive impact on their lifestyle as because the increased amount can hardly meet any of their requirements. The increase of the wages on the other hand can trigger a crisis amongst the small business organizations as they will have to shed off extra employees to manage their budget. Such a step can result into the loss of quality of the products. Identify 2-3 key issues that will require address in this essay; is there a contest about these issues in the literature; if so what is this contest The biggest issue of the following essay is the much lower increase to the moderate wages by the fair works commission. Another main issue has been the rising tension about the increasing wage gap and the gap between the poor and the rich. Another large issue is the growing concern for the small business organizations as they would face a financial crisis which will compel them to lower the size of the workers and will also make the investors worried creating a problematic situation (De Gieter and Hofmans 2015). The production will also lead to a sharp decline because of such a chaotic situation in the market. There have been serious contests against these issues as protests and demonstrations had been organized against such an unjustified decision by the workers. Write a short synopsis of your argument and analysis as it stands now (as they will inform your principles) The essays have revealed the unjustified policies of the fair works commission as well as the policies of reward management and the performance appraisals. As discussed earlier the ruling of the fair work commission to increase the minimum wage of the labors has not been justified. The demands of the labors have been ignored and thus there have been widespread protests against such policies (Renwick Redman and Maguire 2013). On the other hand reward management can be believed to be the efficient management of the performance appraisals that helps in the setting up of the correct strategy to achieve the different goals of the organization. The performance appraisals also help the organizations to increase the motivation and the confidence level of the employees. The performance appraisal also helps to increase the organizational performance and helps in the overall growth of the organization. Identify the three main readings that you have found useful thus far in your reading Moynihan, D. and Wells, S. (2011) Designing compensation plans to manage todays risk environment,Compensation Benefits Review, vol. 43 has been handy while researching on the following essay. In the mentioned article the author has given a vivid description of the performance management tools and has shown the readers as to how casually the performance appraisals are performed (Shaw and Gupta 2015). Performance Management systems are said to be efficient when they are set on the basis of goals that determine the business strategy of the organization. The authors have also highlighted the models of competency that are associated with the business models. References De Gieter, S. and Hofmans, J., 2015. How reward satisfaction affects employees turnover intentions and performance: an individual differences approach.Human Resource Management Journal,25(2), pp.200-216. Hsu, C.P., Chiang, C.Y., Chang, C.W., Huang, H.C. and Chen, C.C., 2015. Enhancing the commitment of nurses to the organisation by means of trust and monetary reward.Journal of nursing management,23(5), pp.567-576. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14. Shaw, J.D. and Gupta, N., 2015. Let the evidence speak again! Financial incentives are more effective than we thought.Human Resource Management Journal,25(3), pp.281-293.

Plastic Pollution free essay sample

The modern plastic bag was not possible until the accidental discovery of the first industrially practical method of polyethylene synthesis in 1933. Fast forward to today, the use and manufacturing of polyethylene have seen rapid growth and has come from four percent of the worlds petroleum(Sang, 2011). Its been less than 30 years since the introduction of the plastic grocery bag but experts estimate that our current use of plastic bags is 500 million to 1 trillion per year. Problem With Plastic Plastic, which we now know is a by-product of petroleum production has been in use for over 100 years and has no real end in sight. The plastic we produce has four key characteristics that make -up there identity: Sang, Anita. Plastic Bags And Environmental Pollution. 63. 3 (2010): 39-43. 28 Mar 2012. †¢ Geometry. The shape of the debris is important from the point of view of entanglement. Products such as six-pack rings and netting represent more of a potential hazard than an equivalent mass of the same polymer in the form of a laminate. We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Pollution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Takada, 2011) †¢ Durability. The likelihood of encounter between a given item of marine debris and a marine animal depends upon the life time of the material. The duration available for the encounter is crucial in determining the potential hazard posed by the plastic material. Unfortunately, little information is available on the lifetime of plastics at sea. Lack of this information is a definite setback in the assessment of potential hazards posed by plastic waste. (Takada, 2011) †¢ Strength. The strength of the debris material determines the likelihood that an entangled animal can escape. Christine, Dycke. Go Green Go Plastic. Canadian Young Scientist Journal 2010. 2 (2010): 17-20. Web. 28 Mar 2012. overwhelmed by excessive rain, then those floating objects can float right out to sea. This is precisely what happened on the New York and New Jersey beaches in 1988, when medical waste was floating up onshore. That year had a extremely dry spring, as litter began accumulating on the streets and in storm sewers, heavy rains arrived in mid-summer and overloaded the sewer system. After floating out to sea, the debris was blown back onto the shores from tides and currents. Effects on Marine Animals These seals often play with fragments of plastic netting or packing straps, and end up catching their necks in the webbing. The plastic harness can constrict the seals movements, killing the seal through starvation, exhaustion, or infection from deep wounds caused by the tightening material. While diving for food, both seals and whales can get caught in transparent nets and drown. In the fall of 1982, a humpback whale was tangled in 50 to 100 feet of net and washed up on a Cape Cod beach. Wohi, 1994) It was starving and its ribs were showing, the whale died within a couple of hours. Along Floridas coasts, brown pelicans diving for fish sometimes dive for the bait on a fishermans line. Cutting the bird loose only makes the problem worse, as the pelican gets its wings and feet tangled in Plastics in Our Oceans. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1994): n. pag. Web. 28 Mar 2012. the line, or gets snagged onto a tree. Plastic soda rings, baggies, styrofoam p articles and plastic pellets are often mistaken by sea turtles as authentic food. Clogging their intestines, and missing out on vital nutrients, these turtles starve to death. Seabirds undergo a similar ordeal, mistaking the pellets for fish eggs, small crab and other prey, sometimes even feeding the pellets to their young. Despite the fact that only 0. 05% of plastic pieces from surface waters are pellets, they comprise about 70% of the plastic eaten by seabirds. These small plastic particles have been found in the stomachs of 63 of the worlds approximately 250 species of seabirds. Effects on Humans Plastic becomes toxic once it enters the ocean environment. Particles are magnets for different types of pollutants, such as DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants), and expel harmful chemicals such as BPA (Bisphenol A). Organisms at the bottom of the food chain, such as plankton and krill, ingest the chemicals along with the microscopic plastic particles. As larger fish consume the smaller ones, the chemicals work their way up the food chain. Ultimately, people consume the largest fish, having a devastating effect on human health. In addition we know that plastic pollution leads to birth defects, cancer, disease, and even death. What is Being Done In 1987, a law was finally passed restricting the dumping of plastics into the ocean. The Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act (MARPOL) went into effect on December 31, 1988, making it illegal for any U. S. vessel or land-based operation to dispose of plastics at sea. Originally, ships were the largest contributor of plastic pollution till 1988, but now landfills and public littering is the largest contributor to plastic in the ocean. The plastics industry has also stepped in, taking measures to reclaim plastic resin pellets that often get lost during production or transport. As of now the most effective method right now for solving the persistent plastic problem is beach combing. Recommendations International Level The best recommendation I could make to resolve this problem is using the United States influence on the United Nations to pass international rules and regulations for the dumping of plastics into the ocean. Until we have a worldwide cooperation at all levels of business, political, and environmental we will endure the dangerous of plastic pollution. Unfortunately, change comes from major catastrophic events to begin any sort of movement in cleaning our oceans and the dis-use of plastic products. National Level This problem is not only within U. S. , but on all continent shores, and only major global action can be taken to really combat this problem. On the United States shores, we can begin to participate beach clean-ups either through non-profit organizations, research firms, or through state correctional facilities. Additionally, provide recycling options to all businesss, public spaces, and home pick-up services.

How to Title an Essay (in Under 5 Minutes)

How to Title an Essay (in Under 5 Minutes) Coming up with the ideal title for an essay, especially a really important one, can be a daunting task for most. There’s a fair amount of pressure involved and because of the near limitless potential people can get completely stuck. In this post we’re going to first investigate how critical titles are and then talk about how to go find the perfect one. Before we do though, something needs to be said. Listen, in reality the substance of your essay is what will determine your grade, not the title. From the grading perspective it doesn’t carry much power. You honestly could come up with a crummy title and if it’s a quality essay still pass with flying colors. Get it? With that said, the key to coming up with decent titles in only a couple minutes is not taking them too seriously. Ideally you really shouldn’t even worry about the title until after you’ve written out the first draft anyway. Then you can keep these four things in mind and it should be smooth sailing. First Ponder: â€Å"What’s in a title?† The answer to this timeless question is†¦pretty much everything is in a title. It’s the top of the proverbial thought-pyramid. It’s the touch-off organizational point. It’s the unique selling proposition (USP) or elevator pitch. Let’s look at it from a bullet point perspective just for fun: Your title is a provocative prediction that forecasts the content of your essay. Don’t take it lightly. It’s candy for the intellect. Shoot for engaging and interesting over generic whenever possible. An impressive title sets the mood, so make sure it’s a captivating one. In other words, you’re setting the tone for the writing. See, I told you the title is everything. Your title should be composed of or at least have 2 to 3 solid and exceedingly relevant key words in it. Don’t think you can master the art of coming up with titles in minutes right out of the park. Most people neglect their creative mind too much to do that. It takes practice. You’ll learn in time, so relax and enjoy the process. Wait, process? It’s a Process, not Spontaneous Creation Oftentimes newer students think they can just magically come up with an ideal title out of thin air based on limited knowledge. Like, they know the topic they have to write on so they just look at a few blogs and conjure something randomly relevant. Sometimes that can work, but it usually doesn’t. Instead, loosely follow these rough series of steps: Write out a word cloud of about 20-30 relevant keywords or phrases to the topic at hand. Start to organize them in your mind or on paper and construct sentences that are either questions or statements. The questions should be direct and the statements penetrating. Choose some sort of object or theme from within the essay itself (if it’s been written already) that you use to inject sensuality. In other words, something they can hear, taste, see, smell or feel. Start with longer titles and then chisel them down to only the most relevant words. Any word in the title that isn’t necessary, meaning it will still make sense without it, should be removed. Wherever there is generality, add specificity. If you are experiencing writers block and the deadline is approching, you can consider the option of our writing service. The Grammatical Aspect of Titles Let’s get the rules of the game dealt with now. There isn’t too many of them so relax. The Devil’s in the details ladies and gentlemen, so remember to pay attention. First, make sure you use proper capitalization. A basic rule of thumb is that unless we’re talking about the first word in your title, you shouldn’t capitalize pronouns, conjunctions or prepositions. It just looks sloppy. Secondly, don’t underline the title either or put it in quotation marks. That’s just flat out embarrassing. That’s it pretty much. Make sure you get an idea of how formal the essay has to be because if the professor is down for informality and artistic expression you can use all kinds of grammatical signals to enhance your title like colons or the triple-period†¦ Consider Your Audience If the only person who will be reading this essay is your professor, then you need to ask yourself what you know about them. I mean actually KNOW, not assume. Never give professors what you think they want to hear, because that oftentimes lead to disaster. Are the more conservative or artistic? Do they appreciate self-expression, or are they more kind to those who strictly follow the rules? Have you grappled with essay titles before? What’s your recipe for awesome titles that engage, get the point across, set a good tone and lead into the essay in a way that keeps your particular audience captivated? Spread the knowledge!

Week #7 Learning Activty #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week #7 Learning Activty #1 - Essay Example nt, does it automatically mean that customers will like it if Kingfishers copies the competitor, or is the company better off leveraging its strengths? These are only some of the questions that can delve further into the inner emotions of customers that affect their decision-making process, so that Kingfishers can be more competitive. Psychographic segmentation will help examine underlying factors that motivate people to go to Kingfishers or to the competition. Aside from psychographic segmentation analysis, assessing benefit segmentation variables can also be helpful. The exact benefits of choosing Kingfishers over other competitors can improve SWOT analysis that will contribute to potential changes in the marketing mix. These changes can strengthen Kingfisher’s competitive advantages. When Padgett talked about communication and high-performance work system for employees, I thought about the intersection between marketing communications and how the employees are trained for it. The company has several marketing channels, where people buy and/or learn more about products, so it is important that employees are skilled in addressing communications needs that must be catered for every channel. For instance, since Fighter Warehouse caters to MMA fighters, public relations communications is essential in affecting the â€Å"publics† who affect fighters’ purchasing decisions, including their audiences, managers, and fight promoters (Dahlen et al. 390). It will be helpful to analyze these publics and how they are currently contributing to the company’s brand image and how they can further be integrated into the brand narrative, so that Fighter Warehouse can have a stronger brand narrative to its â€Å"publics,† especially its customers. At the s ame time, employees must be analyzed if they have the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) to serve these publics in different channels. Knowing their KSAs’ deficiencies and strengths will improve Fighter Warehouse’s

Work Health Safety Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work Health Safety Act - Essay Example The Work Health and Safety Act can only be effectively maintained in a workplace with coordination from HR personnel and also incorporating this act into business operations. The NT regulators of this act are responsible for the overall regulation of the key objectives of this act in every territory or region. The Work Health and Safety Act in the Northern Territory in Australia have the major responsibility of regulating all the territories in this region. The main objective of this act is ensure safety and health of workers at the workplace, electrical safety, to provide protection to the workers against dangerous goods, and focuses on worker’s compensation and rehabilitation. The WHS act was majorly formulated so that the workers can be given a workplace atmosphere that is not only full of harmony but takes care about smaller aspects related to the workers (Mayhew, 2007, pp. 67-68). The objectives can be further extended such as the first main objective of this act is to secure the welfare, health and safety factor of all the individuals who are a part of an organization. It prohibits any organization from over exploiting workers or rather does not take active measures towards the health and safety of the workers (Loewenson, 2001, pp. 94-95). The second objective of this act is to protect the lives of those workers who can be subjected to various risky activities that can take place in the workplace. The other objective of this Act is to control the use, acquiring and also keeping stocks of flammable or highly explosive substances in the workplace. This objective mainly takes into consideration the safety of the workers that should be treated as one of the priorities by an organization (Sherriff and Tooma, 2010, pp. 72-73). The next objective of the legislative act is to provide protective facilities and guidelines and also to have

Developing New Design Strategies Essay Example for Free

Developing New Design Strategies Essay The ignorance of environmental values/impacts that are ranged from local to regional scales in the design and construction processes, burdens the inconveniences of the â€Å"contemporary† living milieus. Locality bears particular values in terms of natural, built and cultural context that constantly shape the local identity throughout the ages. Exclusion of this set of values in the development of the built environment, in conjunction with the consumer wise approaches of global trends, is ended up with an unsatisfactory living milieu. In this respect, the lack of environmental and socio-cultural aspects especially in the building design is the vital issue behind the questioning of existing understanding towards the context and its products. As it is faced with the challenging global circumstances related to the destructive effects of human activity on the nature, the need for the perspective of vernacular cultures and traditions, which are developed within local natural context, becomes essential. Quick Outlook to the Residential Developments of Cyprus Cyprus vernacular kept its consistent evolution and reserved its distinctive identity in the Mediterranean basin in spite of political fluctuations in its history (Hill). The interaction between migration, political change and vernacular distress is a process, which influences the culture of the Island all through the history. The vernacular architecture of Cyprus has always been influenced by the immigrant communities in time. These communities, who moved to or conquered Cyprus in different periods, were entirely foreign and unfamiliar to this new context. Consequently, the prevailing vernacular architecture started to lose its peculiar values and distinct architectural characteristics according to this reciprocal interaction. Although, the vernacular house is constantly developed by the considerable alterations of its mass in the form of limited additions and subtractions for responding the changing lifestyle and immigrants’ demands in time, the general characteristics of the rural house form is sustained (Numan and Dincyurek, I.112). Especially, after 1950’s, the sustainability of the vernacular architectural identity is only limited to the conscious or unconscious conservation of the existing vernacular settings instead of the continuation of the vernacular building activities. The impacts of â€Å"Annan Plan and its Referenda for Re-unification of the Island†, which was proposed and organized by General Secretary of UN in 2004, extremely influenced important features, including political, socio-cultural, and economical parameters, of the Island. Undoubtedly, the vernacular architecture of the Island implicitly affected from this important development (Dincyurek and Turker, 3385). Although, the reunification was not realized because of its rejection in the referenda by the majority in the Southern (Greek) region, the encouraging (opportunistic) atmosphere of this reunification and optimistic projection for the common future are kept before and after the referenda. This positive atmosphere accelerated the growth of the construction activities especially in the Northern (Turkish) region in terms of summer houses or second houses for the local people and foreign investors. After â€Å"Annan Plan†, the sudden increase in the housing developments particularly in Northern part is noticeable. Despite of this boom in construction activity, the format of this development cannot be considered as the improvement in the field because of the repetition of the ready-made design schemes, which are not related with the contextual realities. Besides the other reasons, the search for economically cheaper global trends in architecture (Turker and Pulhan), which can bring the most of the benefits for the recently established construction firms, can be stated as amongst the reasons to the construction activities, which are deviating from the quality and characteristics of the vernacular architecture. In brief, the recent housing developments have no relation at all with the vernacular architecture of Cyprus. The Search in Understanding the Association between Cyprus Vernacular and Current Architectural Developments Many scholars stated the different associations between vernacular building traditions and current architectural developments (Asquith and Vellinga; Oliver; Warren, Worthington and Taylor). Rapoport attracts the attention of the researchers to four main points on the issue: mainly, the ignorance of the vernacular context; the acceptance of vernacular but no attempt for getting useful lessons; the copy of the vern acular settings; and the use to get lessons and applied to the new design (55). According to our investigations, similar series of attitudes can be observed in the interpretation of vernacular architecture of Cyprus. These are; †¢ To ignore the presence of vernacular totally †¢ To imitate the whole form of vernacular †¢ To establish an association with the vernacular †¢ To interpret and to get valuable lessons from the vernacular building heritage. In general, the vernacular architecture is a course that is generated by local values and needs, environmental necessities and availabilities, and continuously changing impacts. It is an evolving process which is shaped by trial and errors. It is also influenced by the local and regional constraints. This process does not deny the accumulation of the building tradition of the past. Furthermore, it may adapt itself to the changing parameters of the context. The conscious and unconscious responses are quite influential on this kind of evolution. There is no place for direct interference to this proce ss. These general characteristics of vernacular architecture can be observed in Cyprus vernacular as well until 1950’s. The process of Cyprus vernacular architecture suddenly stopped by the rapid introduction of the new â€Å"modern lifestyle† and its requirements to the Island, especially in the second quarter of the 20th century (qtd. in Schaar, et al.). The vernacular building tradition could not adjust itself to these significant changes in the way of life and building activities. After this interference to the vernacular building process, different approaches and attitudes can be noticed in the built environment of Cyprus, which are mentioned in the above lines. a. To ignore the presence of vernacular totally The penetration of almost similar houses, which are the repetitive products of the modern trends, into the vernacular environments is extensively developed in the Island. The realm of high-style or grandiose architecture and its necessities are familiarized in bot h urban and rural areas of Cyprus (Figure 1a). In some examples, the harmonization of the stylistic understanding of modern architecture and the local needs is developed (Figure 1b). On one hand, these limited examples are providing correct answers to the response of the contextual needs by considering modern lifestyle and technological advancement. On the other hand, the majority of the recently built architectural examples exhibits the repetition of the unsatisfactory and insufficient architectural, structural and constructional solutions, which do not correspond with the realities of modern lifestyle, new building materials, techniques and technologies (Figure 1c). b. To imitate the whole form of vernacular In the new building design, the approach of copying or imitating the whole form of vernacular houses is rarely encountered in Cyprus. However particularly in the rural areas of Cyprus, only a negligible number of examples, which are totally copied or imitated from vernacular house by the traditional builders has seen. The rarity in this kind of examples is due to the adaptation of the new modern lifestyles by the natives and also the formal unfamiliarity of the immigrants of the Island. On the other hand, the exceptional examples of the imitation of existing forms cannot verify the efficiently continuation of the vernacular building tradition. a. Grandiose attitude of domestic architecture b. Synthesis of modernist lines with local realms c. Unfamiliar approach to the context Figure 1. Different design attempts in modern residential architecture of Cyprus c. To establish an association with the vernacular The design attitude of conscious or unconscious establishment of association with the vernacular in the new design is extensively practiced in the recent building activities of the Island. However, it is not an attempt to completely copy the existing form. Without understanding the vernacular building tradition, the examples of this approach show signs of either too romantic or superficial attempt of an architect. Instead of identifying all aspects, which generate the vernacular building tradition, only few design parameters, or considerations, or architectural elements of vernacular building are particularly emphasized in this approach. In general, the architectural elements or spatial formations are repetitively used in the recent housing developments without considering their genuine reasons and usages in the vernacular building tradition. According to the varying emphasis of establishing an association with the vernacular, different concepts and attempts are noticed. c.1. Making association with the vernacular through the senses In some examples, the design is mainly based on the reference to the memories of the past spatial experiences. In other examples, it is also possible to establish an association with vernacular either by emphasizing the sense of place/building or by the repeating of the shared images of vernacular in the new design. One of the examples is extremely remarkable. The architect (who he is also the owner) achieved an association with the vernacular in his new house by recalling the past experiences based on vernacular forms, shapes, and space. This example is not indicating a particular house type of Cyprus vernacular. With a romantic/passionate approach, the formations of space are based on the possible resemblances of his past spatial experiences, whereas he is forced to leave his own house in his childhood because of the bi-communal conflicts. However, the reconstruction of a house form, which is existing in the memories, in another place actually does not meet the realms of new context but only fulfilling the sense of identity and belonging. Instead of using earth as available local building material, and adobe as locally accepted construction system, the architect preferred to use stone as material and bearing wall as structural system for achieving the rebirth of his dreams in an existing vernacular house. Therefore, the aim for â€Å"the sense of belonging† is experienced. (Figure 2) c.2. Making association with the vernacular through the building materials and construction techniques Besides, the formal, visual and textural peculiarities of the traditional building material and construction techniques, which help to constitute a vernacular image in the new projects, they are still preferred in some of recently built houses because of their environmental, especially climatic performances. The stone wall construction, where the local material is available, is widely used with the purpose of achieving micro climate in the interior spaces. Figure 2. The house example which was developed based on recalls of past spatial experiences To create an accentuation in the similar pattern is another reason for the usage of traditional building material and methods in the recently developed areas (Figure 3). Stone as a construction material is selected and applied especially in some parts of the typical reinforced concrete frame buildings. Sometimes, it is possible to observe the re-use of old building materials, or existing structural/architectural members in the new constructions. This harmful attitude of professionals accelerates the destruction of vernacular houses and settings in sake of gaining unethical profits. Figure 3. Traditional materials were used in this example to make accentuation in the context c.3. Making association with the vernacular through the use of building elements The building elements, which form the essential components of vernacular architecture, are commonly used in the new buildings. The formation of significant building elements of vernacular such as arch, arcade, inner or outer hall, is realized in the recent building developments by using either traditional or contemporary building materials and its techniques. However, in these examples, where they convey particular building elements of the vernacular form, it is possible to notice the repetition of common mistakes in terms of environmental, architectural, structural or functional aspects. †¢ Position and orientation Position and orientation decisions of the house and its components, are important design concerns in the vernacular architecture of Cyprus.

Marijuana and the Biological Bases of Behavior Essay -- Research Paper

Marijuana and the Biological Bases of Behavior Marijuana is the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Like all plants, it's sensitive to the environment where it grows. Some of the names for it are Mary Jane, pot, weed, grass, herb, ganja or skunk. The brain has many responses to marijuana. Marijuana can cause people to lose focus on events around them. For some it makes them more aware of their physical sensations. For others, there are numerous other effects. All forms of marijuana are mind- altering. All of the changes are caused by chemicals that affect the brain. More than 400 chemicals are in the average marijuana plant. When smoked, heat produces even more chemicals. Different weather and soil conditions can change the amounts of the chemicals inside the plant. Marijuana grown in one place might be chemically stronger than grown in another. Marijuana's effects on the user depend on it's strength or potency, which is related to the amount of THC it contains. Marijuana causes some parts of the brain, such as those governing emotions, memory, and judgment, to lose balance and control. Marijuana can speed the heart rate up to 160 beats per minute. Dilated blood vessels make the whites of the eyes turn red. Panic feelings may be accompanied by sweating, dry mouth, or trouble breathing. Much like tobacco smokers, marijuana smokers may experience a daily cough and more frequent chest colds. Animal studies have found that THC can damage the cells and tissues in the body that help protect against disease. When the immune cells are weakened you are more likely to get sick. When someone uses marijuana, these chemicals travel through the bloodstream and quic... ...ology 8th ed. Australia, Canada, United States: Wadsworth Publishing Kouri, E.M., Pope, H,G., (2000, November). Abstinence Symptoms During Withdraw From Chromic Marijuana Use. Experimental and Clinical Psyhopharmocology,8(4),1- 13. Massi, P., Pavolaro, D., Rubino, T., & Vigano, D., (2001) The Psychoactive ingredient of Marijuana induces behavioural sensitization. European Journal of Neuroscience 14(5), 884-886. Nahas, G., (1977) biomedical aspects of Cannabis usage. Bulletin on Narcotics 29(2), 13-27. Martin, B. R., Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress, Marijuana. Retrieved from the Internet March 3, 2005. http://www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000170.CH166.html Williams, J.S. (2004). Cognitive Deficits in Marijuana Smokers Persist After Use Stops. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 18(5), 1-4.

Outine Presentation Essay

Introduction I. According to a report by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations, India has the highest population of illiterate adults at 287 millions amounting to 37% of the global total. II. By using of some my research, I would like to share with all of you the topic that I interest which is the facts of illiteracy. III. Today, I would like to focus on three interrelated issues which are causes, effects, and prevention of illiteracy. (Transition: Now, let’s start by taking a closer look at the problem) Body I. There are several different causes as to why illiteracy is such a problem in certain countries. A. About 29.8% of our population lies below the National Poverty Line which indicates they are do not have access to basic requirements of essential commodities including food and water. 1. Education is one of the luxuries that they cannot afford. 2. Mostly, majority of population in countries suffer from high percentage of illiteracy comes from poor people. 3. They will let their children to escape from school and go to labour for work to collect money and help them in life costs. B. Individual disabilities are person who has physical or mental conditions that do not allow them to educate themselves easily. 1. For example, a dyslexic child will find it hard to remember the letters of the alphabet and to interpret it. 2. A blind child also difficult for them to read without assistance. (Transition: Now, ladies and gentlemen I will explain my next point) II. Illiteracy has given some effects towards countries and people involved. A. These can make the countries develop slowly. 1. As a result of illiteracy, people find it so difficult to have a job without the ability of reading or understanding simple documents. 2. Therefore, the illiterates become a burden of society causes to make the nation poorer. B. Illiteracy also effects on people in the society. 1. Illiterate parents cannot get good jobs to support their family and this  will turn affects their lifestyle and their needs. 2. This also will lead to their children where their children get many of parents’ views and ideas to survive. 3. If parents do not feel that education is an important of success, these feelings will be carried over to their children. (Transition: As causes and effects of illiteracy, I will continue to discuss about how to prevent illiteracy) III. We have to cooperate to clear this problem which is holding back. A. Parents play important roles to educate their children. 1. According to Kerka, 2003 learning styles, learning disabilities and life experience may all contribute to low academic achievement or problem behavior. 2. Parents need to educate their children at an early age, so their children do not fall behind in recognizing letters and words. B. Opening new modern training centers. 1. As we know, it is difficult for persons in their 40s to 60s to use the same educational method as used for children. 2. It is also to help individual disabilities to educate further. 3. By using technology and modern education theories helps everyone inside educational progress. Conclusion I. As we see, illiteracy is a social evil that shall encircle our country in darkness and downfall if not curbed. II. As you know, I have focused on causes, effects, and prevention of illiteracy. III. What I have mentioned before about Kajani should be take strict action to make sure they can be an educated person. IV. It is also to make sure the statics I tell before can be release.

Typical Course of Study for 8th Grade

The final year of middle school, eighth grade is a time of transition and preparing students for high school. Eighth-grade students will spend their last year of middle school building on what they learned as sixth-  and 7th-grade students, strengthening any areas of weakness, and digging into more complex coursework as they prepare for high school. Though many will still need guidance and a source of accountability, eighth-grade students should be making the shift to self-directed, independent learning. Language Arts As in previous middle school grades, a typical course of study for eighth-grade language arts includes literature, composition, grammar, and vocabulary-building. Literary skills focus on reading comprehension and analyzing texts. In preparation for standardized testing and college entrance exams, students should practice applying their reading comprehension skills to a variety of documents.   They should be able to recognize the main idea, central theme, and supporting details. Students should have plenty of practice summarizing, comparing and contrasting, and inferring an authors meaning. Eighth-grade students should also learn to recognize and understand the uses of language such as figurative language, analogies, and allusion. Students should begin comparing and contrasting two texts that present conflicting information on the same topic. They should be able to identify the cause of the conflicts, such as contradictory or inaccurate facts or the authors opinion or bias on the subject. Provide eighth-graders with ample opportunity to practice their composition skills. They should write a variety of essays and more complex compositions including how-to, persuasive, and informational articles; poetry; short stories; and research papers. Grammar topics include correct spelling throughout the students writing; proper use of punctuation such as apostrophes, colons, semicolons, and quotes; infinitives; indefinite pronouns; and correct use of verb tense. Math There is some room for variation in eighth-grade math, particularly among homeschooled students. Some students may be ready to take Algebra I for high school credit in eighth grade, while others will prepare for the ninth grade with a prealgebra course. In most cases, a typical course of study for eighth-grade math will include algebraic and geometric concepts, along with measurements and probability. Students will learn about square roots and both rational and irrational numbers. Math concepts include finding a lines slope using the  slope-intercept formula,  understanding and evaluating functions,  parallel and perpendicular  lines, graphing, finding the area and volume of more complex geometrical shapes, and the  Pythagorean theorem. 8th graders can test their math skills with practice word problems. Science Although there isnt a specific recommended course of study for eighth-grade science, students typically continue to explore earth, physical, and life science topics. Some students may take a general or physical science course for high school credit while in eighth grade. Common general science topics include the scientific method and terminology. Earth science topics include ecology and the environment, conservation, composition of the earth, oceans, atmosphere,  weather,  water and its uses, weathering and erosion, and recycling. Physical science topics include magnetism and electricity; heat and light; forces in liquids and gases; wave, mechanical, electrical, and nuclear energy;  Newtons laws of motion;  simple machines;  atoms; the  periodic table of elements;  compounds and mixtures;  and chemical changes.   Social Studies As with science, there is no specific course of study guidelines for eighth-grade social studies. A homeschool familys curriculum choices or personal preferences are usually the determining factors. An eighth-grader following a classical homeschooling style will likely study modern history.   Other standard topics for eighth-grade social studies include explorers and their discoveries, the growth and development of the United States, colonial life, the U. S. Constitution and Bill of Rights,  and the  American Civil War  and Reconstruction. Students may also study a variety of topics related to the United States such as the U.S. culture, political system, government, economic system, and geography. Health and Safety For families who have not already done so, eighth grade is an excellent time for a health and safety course. Many states homeschooling laws or umbrella schools require a health course for high school graduation, so students who are ready for a high school-level course may be able to earn credit for it in middle school.   Typical topics for a health course include personal hygiene, nutrition, exercise, first aid, sexual health, and the health risks and consequences associated with drugs, alcohol, and tobacco use.